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Nyíregyházi Egyetem |
Összefoglaló
Munkánk során 6 különböző termesztett gyógynövény, a Mentha x piperita L., Melissa officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Salvia officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. és a Lavandula officinalis L. illóolajat raktározó mirigyszőreinek fénymikroszkópos vizsgálatát végeztük el. Valamennyi vizsgált növényfaj esetében szár- illetve levélkeresztmetszetet készítettünk, tipizáltuk a szár, valamint az adaxiális és az abaxiális levélepidermiszen megjelenő mirigyszőröket, meghatároztuk azok denzitását. A zsályát kivéve, ahol a mirigyszőrök száma az abaxiális oldalon volt a meghatározó, a legtöbb vizsgált növényfaj esetében megállapítható volt, hogy az adaxiális epidermiszen előforduló mirigyszőrök száma meghaladta az abaxiális oldal mirigyszőreinek a számát. Megállapítottuk, hogy a citromfű és a levendula kiemelkedően magas mirigyszőrszámmal rendelkezik mind a színi, mind a fonáki epidermiszen (citromfű: 318±46,58/148±21,68; levendula: 156±61,07/150±22,36). A menta (50±23,45/32±19,24) és a kakukkfű (46±23,97/36±15,17) esetében a mirigyszőrök száma jelentősen elmaradt a többi vizsgált fajhoz képest. A kakukkfű jelentős számú és méretű pajzs alakú mirigyszőrrel rendelkezik, a legkisebb ilyen típusú mirigyszőröket a rozmaring és a levendula esetében találtuk. A mirigyszőrök véletlenszerű és egyenetlenül helyezkedtek el. A menta, a kakukkfű, valamint a levendula esetében a mirigyszőrök jelentős, mikroszkóppal jól detektálható mennyiségű illóolajat raktároztak.
Kulcsszavak: Lamiaceae fajok, szár- és levélkeresztmetszet, színi és fonáki epidermisz, mirigyszőr típusok, mirigyszőrök száma
ABSTRACT
Microanatomical analyses of the essential oil storage glandular trichomes of six different fieldcultivated medicinal plants, Mentha x piperita L., Melissa officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Salvia officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Lavandula officinalis L. were carried out using light microscopy. In the case of all examined plant species, stem and leaf cross-sections were made. Non-glandular and two types of glandular trichomes (peltate and capitate) were described. The glandular hairs appearing on the stem and both the adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis were typified, and their density was determined. The results showed that the number of glandular trichomes of the adaxial epidermis was higher than abaxial epidermis, except for sage. In the case of lemon balm and lavender, we observed an exceptionally high number of glandular hairs on both the upper and lower epidermis (lemon balm: 318±46.58/ 148±21.68; lavender: 156±61.07/150±22,36). In the matter of mint (50±23.45/32±19.24) and thyme (46±23.97/36±15.17) the number of glandular hairs was significantly lower compared to the values found in the other examined species. The volume density of capitate trichomes was higher than the volume density of peltate ones in every examined species. We found that thyme has a significant number of peltates and the largest peltate’s diameter, while the smallest peltates were found in rosemary and lavender. In the case of these species, the random appearance of glandular hairs, and their uneven distribution on leaf surfaces could be established. In regards to mint, thyme, and lavender, the essential oil-storing gland hairs could be easily detected by microscope.
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